Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Apr 2022)
Improved calibration procedures for the EM27/SUN spectrometers of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON)
- C. Alberti,
- F. Hase,
- M. Frey,
- D. Dubravica,
- T. Blumenstock,
- A. Dehn,
- P. Castracane,
- G. Surawicz,
- R. Harig,
- B. C. Baier,
- B. C. Baier,
- C. Bès,
- J. Bi,
- H. Boesch,
- A. Butz,
- Z. Cai,
- J. Chen,
- S. M. Crowell,
- N. M. Deutscher,
- D. Ene,
- J. E. Franklin,
- O. García,
- D. Griffith,
- B. Grouiez,
- M. Grutter,
- A. Hamdouni,
- S. Houweling,
- S. Houweling,
- N. Humpage,
- N. Jacobs,
- N. Jacobs,
- S. Jeong,
- L. Joly,
- N. B. Jones,
- D. Jouglet,
- R. Kivi,
- R. Kleinschek,
- M. Lopez,
- D. J. Medeiros,
- I. Morino,
- N. Mostafavipak,
- A. Müller,
- H. Ohyama,
- P. I. Palmer,
- P. I. Palmer,
- M. Pathakoti,
- D. F. Pollard,
- U. Raffalski,
- M. Ramonet,
- R. Ramsay,
- M. K. Sha,
- K. Shiomi,
- W. Simpson,
- W. Stremme,
- Y. Sun,
- H. Tanimoto,
- Y. Té,
- G. M. Tsidu,
- V. A. Velazco,
- F. Vogel,
- M. Watanabe,
- C. Wei,
- D. Wunch,
- M. Yamasoe,
- L. Zhang,
- J. Orphal,
- J. Orphal
Affiliations
- C. Alberti
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- F. Hase
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- M. Frey
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
- D. Dubravica
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- T. Blumenstock
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- A. Dehn
- European Space Agency/Centre for Earth Observation (ESA/ESRIN), Frascati, Italy
- P. Castracane
- European Space Agency/Centre for Earth Observation (ESA/ESRIN), Frascati, Italy
- G. Surawicz
- Bruker Optics GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany
- R. Harig
- Bruker Optics GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany
- B. C. Baier
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- B. C. Baier
- Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA), Boulder, CO, USA
- C. Bès
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Paris, France
- J. Bi
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- H. Boesch
- National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- A. Butz
- Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Z. Cai
- Carbon Neutrality Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- J. Chen
- Environmental Sensing and Modeling, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- S. M. Crowell
- College of Atmospheric and Geographic Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- N. M. Deutscher
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- D. Ene
- National Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, Măgurele, Ilfov, Romania
- J. E. Franklin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- O. García
- Izaña Atmospheric Research Centre (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMet), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- D. Griffith
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- B. Grouiez
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims-Champagne Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7331, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 CEDEX 2 Reims, France
- M. Grutter
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- A. Hamdouni
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims-Champagne Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7331, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 CEDEX 2 Reims, France
- S. Houweling
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- S. Houweling
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- N. Humpage
- National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- N. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry and the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- N. Jacobs
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- S. Jeong
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- L. Joly
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims-Champagne Ardenne, UMR CNRS 7331, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 CEDEX 2 Reims, France
- N. B. Jones
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- D. Jouglet
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Paris, France
- R. Kivi
- Space and Earth Observation Centre, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland
- R. Kleinschek
- Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- M. Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- D. J. Medeiros
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- I. Morino
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
- N. Mostafavipak
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- A. Müller
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
- H. Ohyama
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
- P. I. Palmer
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- P. I. Palmer
- National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- M. Pathakoti
- Earth and Climate Sciences Area (ECSA), National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO, Hyderabad, India
- D. F. Pollard
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand
- U. Raffalski
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
- M. Ramonet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- R. Ramsay
- NERC Field Spectroscopy Facility, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK
- M. K. Sha
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
- K. Shiomi
- Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- W. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry and the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- W. Stremme
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Y. Sun
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- H. Tanimoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan
- Y. Té
- Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères (LERMA-IPSL), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- G. M. Tsidu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
- V. A. Velazco
- Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- F. Vogel
- Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
- M. Watanabe
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- C. Wei
- Shanghai Carbon Data Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- D. Wunch
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- M. Yamasoe
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- L. Zhang
- National Satellite Meteorological Center (NSMC), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
- J. Orphal
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- J. Orphal
- now at: Division 4 “Natural and Built Environment”, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2433-2022
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15
pp. 2433 – 2463
Abstract
In this study, an extension on the previously reported status of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network's (COCCON) calibration procedures incorporating refined methods is presented. COCCON is a global network of portable Bruker EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometers for deriving column-averaged atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases. The original laboratory open-path lamp measurements for deriving the instrumental line shape (ILS) of the spectrometer from water vapour lines have been refined and extended to the secondary detector channel incorporated in the EM27/SUN spectrometer for detection of carbon monoxide (CO). The refinements encompass improved spectroscopic line lists for the relevant water lines and a revision of the laboratory pressure measurements used for the analysis of the spectra. The new results are found to be in good agreement with those reported by Frey et al. (2019) and discussed in detail. In addition, a new calibration cell for ILS measurements was designed, constructed and put into service. Spectrometers calibrated since January 2020 were tested using both methods for ILS characterization, open-path (OP) and cell measurements. We demonstrate that both methods can detect the small variations in ILS characteristics between different spectrometers, but the results of the cell method indicate a systematic bias of the OP method. Finally, a revision and extension of the COCCON network instrument-to-instrument calibration factors for XCO2, XCO and XCH4 is presented, incorporating 47 new spectrometers (of 83 in total by now). This calibration is based on the reference EM27/SUN spectrometer operated by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and spectra collected by the collocated TCCON station Karlsruhe. Variations in the instrumental characteristics of the reference EM27/SUN from 2014 to 2017 were detected, probably arising from realignment and the dual-channel upgrade performed in early 2018. These variations are considered in the evaluation of the instrument-specific calibration factors in order to keep all tabulated calibration results consistent.
