A hybrid fuel cell/battery vehicle by considering economy considerations optimized by Converged Barnacles Mating Optimizer (CBMO) algorithm

Abstract

In hybrid electric vehicles, combining fuel cells with battery brings advantages such as high-power density, fast startup, and improved dynamic set response. In such a combination, the performance quality of the driving forces depends on how the power sources are controlled and distributed. In this paper, by providing a smart strategy, the fuel cell stack and the battery sizing have been proposed to obtain a desired low cost and reliable battery/fuel cell motor and to resolve the barrier of cost as a significant problem of hybrid motors. To achieve optimal configuration, a developed metaheuristic called Converged Barnacles Mating Optimizer (CBMO) algorithm has been proposed. The results show that by reducing the battery size, the FC stack lifetime has been reduced, such that the stack needs to provide peak power demand by operating under high power for a long time. The FC stack size reduction also increases the rate of fuel consumption because of the prompting to supply higher power.

Keywords

• Fuel cell
• Battery
• Electrochemical surface area
• State-of-health
• Converged Barnacles Mating Optimizer (CBMO) algorithm