International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery (Oct 2020)
Osteometric Analysis of Clavicular Facet of the Acromion Process and Degenerative Changes of the Acromion
Abstract
Introduction: Osteometric evaluation of the acromion process and related structures contribute a lot for the pathomechanics of impingement syndrome and instability of the acromioclavicular joint. Aim: To determine the morphometry of the clavicular facet of the acromion process and to observe some of the morphological degenerative changes in the acromion process. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted on 110 adult dry scapulae of both sexes from the Department of Anatomy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India. The clavicular facet on the acromion process was studied for different parameters like length and width along with the distance of the facet from the tip of the acromion process by a digital vernier caliper. Morphological features of the acromion suggestive of degeneration were also examined by visual inspection like presence of spur or facet, consistency and regularity of undersurface of the acromion and the shape of the tip of the acromion process were also determined. Data obtained from the observation was tabulated and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The average values of each parameter were: length of the facet 10.32 mm and 10.06 mm on right and left side respectively; width 6.52 mm and 5.69 mm on right and left side and distance 9.39 mm on the right and 8.24 mm on the left side. The percentages of the shape of tip of the acromion process was mostly cobra shaped 44.54% followed by square tip 33.63% and least was intermediate type 21.8%. It was also noted that the degenerative change like spur or facet were present among 28.2% scapulae in the anterior third of the acromion and the undersurface of acromion was mostly rough with a consistency of thick acromion process. Conclusion: Osteometric analysis and morphological evaluation will act as a baseline data for the clinicians especially orthopaedic surgeons as it will be of great help for them to diagnose the cases and to perform operative procedure of acromioclavicular joint instability.
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