High Spatial Melt Rate Variability Near the Totten Glacier Grounding Zone Explained by New Bathymetry Inversion

Abstract

Abstract Totten Glacier is a fast‐moving East Antarctic outlet with the potential for significant future sea‐level contributions. We deployed four autonomous phase‐sensitive radars on its ice shelf to monitor ice‐ocean interactions near its grounding zone and made active source seismic observations to constrain gravity‐derived bathymetry models. We observe an asymmetry in basal melting with mean melt rates along the grounding zone differing by up to 20 m/a. Our new bathymetry model reveals that this melt rate asymmetry coincides with an asymmetry in water column thickness and that the low‐melting ice‐shelf portion is shielded from the main cavity circulation. A 2‐year record yields year‐to‐year melt rate variability of 7–9 m/a with no seasonal cycle. Our results highlight the key role of bathymetry near grounding lines for accurate modeling of ice‐shelf melt, and the importance of sustained multi‐year monitoring, especially at ice‐shelf cavities where the dominant melt rate drivers vary primarily inter‐annually.

Keywords

• Totten
• bathymetry
• basal melt rate
• ApRES
• ice shelves
• Antarctica