Trehalose An Additive Solution for Platelet Concentrate to Protect Platelets from Apoptosis and Clearance during Their Storage at 4°C

Abstract

Objective: Although cold storage of platelets (PLTs) could decrease the risk of bacterial growth, it could affect on the PLTs viability and hemostatic function. At cold temperatures, trehalose can be used to substitute water, inhibit the solid-liquid transition phase of the PLT membrane, and stop Glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) polymerization. In this study, we evaluated the potential of trehalose for reducing the negative effects of cold storage on the apoptosis and the clearance rates of PLTs after long-term storage at cold. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, PLT concentrates (PCs) were maintained for five days in the different circumstances. PLTs were subsequently counted by using an automated hematology analyzer. Also water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay was performed to estimate the viability of PLTs. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) was determined by a biochemical analyzer. And human active caspase-3 levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Also, we applied flow cytometry technique. Results: PLTs count and viability were higher, while LDH amount was lower in trehalose-treated PLTs when compared with two other groups (P=0.03). The highest increase in the amount of caspase-3 levels in the PLTs was observed at 4°C. However, trehalose-treated and 4°C PLTs had a lower amount of active caspase-3 in comparison with 4°C PLTs. The level of PS expression on PLTs was lower in the trehalose-treated PLTs in compared with the two other groups (P=0.03). PLTs ingestion by HepG2 cells was enhanced in the 4°C-stored PLTs. However, the ingestion rate was significantly reduced in the trehalose-treated PLTs on day 5 of storage (P=0.03). Conclusion: Trehalose can moderate the effects of cold temperature on the apoptosis, viability, and the survival rate of PLTs. It also decreases the ingestion rate of refrigerated PLTs in vitro.

Keywords

• cold storage
• hepg2
• platelet transfusion
• trehalose