Duration of passive immunity to small ruminant lentiviruses in lambs

Abstract

In order to evaluate the passive immunity against small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) in lambs, this study was conducted from two experimental groups. The first one (G1) was established by nine lambs subjected to artificial feeding of colostrum of goats positive for SRLV. The second one (G2) was the control group, consisting of ten lambs subjected to suckling of colostrum from their negative mothers. Blood samples were obtained before the first feeding, after 24 hours of birth and at 7, 15, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 120 days of age. The concentrations of total serum protein (TSP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were determined and antibodies to SRLV were surveyed from the techniques of agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) and immunoblotting (IB). In both groups, the lowest averages of TSP, GLOB and IgG were observed at birth and the highest averages were observed at 24 hours of life, due to absorption of colostral immunoglobulins. For G1, transfer of immunity could also be detected by immunodiagnostic tests. At birth, the animals were seronegative. After 24 hours, all animals were positive in three serological tests. Negative results began to be observed after 15 days of age by the AGID test. As for Elisa testing, all animals remained reagent until 50 days old. Only IB was able to detect anti-SRLV at 70 days. Regarding G2, all animals tested negative in AGID and IB, from birth until 120 days of age. However, false-positive results were observed until day 15 in Elisa, due to nonspecific reactions. These data are consistent with the sensitivity and specificity of serological tests and show that starting at 90 days of age, colostral antibodies to SRLV are no longer detected in the serum of lambs.