Вестник Майкопского государственного технологического университета (Mar 2023)
Rural every day life in Dagestan in 1920s
Abstract
The article considers the problem that has not been studied in regional historiography, namely the daily life of the rural population in Dagestan in the first decade of the Soviet power. The problems of everyday life are especially relevant for studying the regional history of the Soviet period. The formation of a new type of society, which began in the 1920s in the republic, entailed fundamental changes in the social structure of its population, material environment, etc. The scientific problem considered in the article has not been covered in the writings of Dagestan social scientists, and represents one of the important aspects of the socio-economic history of Dagestan. It is noted that the main occupation of the Dagestan highlanders is cattle breeding. Traditional forms of cattle breeding are shown on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach. The harsh living and working conditions of sheep farmers are characterized. The synthesis of micro and macro historical approaches allowed us to show the recovery processes in animal husbandry after the establishment of the Soviet power and its socialization. The land scarcity of Dagestan determined the occupation of the mountaineers - cattle breeding; grazing lands contributed to the distant form of cattle ranching; the shepherd’s hard work was poorly paid. The article shows the work of agricultural specialists in livestock breeding. The authors concluded that during the investigated period, cattle breeding still occupied an important place in the economy of the Dagestan highlanders. The highlander followed traditional methods in cattle breeding. Gradually, peasant cattle breeding was declining, giving way to a public herd.
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