New <span style="font-variant: small-caps">e</span>:<span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span>-Friedo-Hopane Type Triterpenoids from <i>Euphorbia peplus</i> with Simiarendiol Possessing Significant Cytostatic Activity against HeLa Cells by Induction of Apoptosis and S/G2 Cell Cycle Arrest

Abstract

Seven rare e:b-friedo-hopane-type triterpenoids including four new (1−4) and three known (5−7) ones with 5 being first reported as a natural product, together with five other known triterpenoids (8−12), were isolated from the nonpolar fractions of the ethanolic extract of Euphorbia peplus. Structural assignments for these compounds were based on spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical computation method. The structural variations for the C-21 isopropyl group, including dehydrogenation (1 and 3) and hydroxylation at C-22 (simiarendiol, 2), were the first cases among e:b-friedo-hopane-type triterpenoids. Simiarendiol (2) bearing a 22-OH showed significant cytostatic activity against HeLa and A549 human tumor cell lines with IC50 values of 3.93 ± 0.10 and 7.90 ± 0.31 μM, respectively. The DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis revealed that simiarendiol (2) effectively induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle at the S/G2 phases in a dose-dependent manner in HeLa cells.

Keywords

• <i>Euphorbia peplus</i>
• triterpenoids
• simiarendiol
• ECD calculation
• apoptosis
• cell cycle arrest