Development of a Simple and Validated LC–MS/MS Method for Quantitative Determination of Ketotifen in Beagle Dog Plasma and Its Application to Bioequivalence Study of Ketotifen Syrup Dosage Form

Abstract

A highly accurate, precise, and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for ketotifen (KTF) estimation from Beagle dog plasma was developed and validated, with ketotifen-d3 (KTF-d3) as the internal standard (IS). KTF and IS were detected on an API 4000 mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in electrospray ionization (ESI) positive ionization mode. The transitions were monitored at m/z 310.2 → 96.0 for KTF and m/z 313.2 → 99.1 for IS. KTF and IS were extracted from plasma using liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tertiary-butyl ether and then analyzed for 3 min with extracted samples (7 µL) into the LC–MS/MS system. Analytes were separated on a Luna® Hilic column (50 × 2.0 mm i.d., 3 μm) using the Nexera X2 HPLC. The mobile phase A consisted of 10 mmol/L ammonium formate (pH 3.0), while mobile phase B consisted of 0.05% formic acid in acetonitrile. The ratio of mobile phase was 5:95 (v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The method has been thoroughly validated in accordance with the bioanalytical method validation guidelines established by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in Korea and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, addressing selectivity, lower limit of quantification, linearity, carryover, precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability. The developed LC–MS/MS method was effectively utilized for the bioequivalence assessment of ketotifen in Beagle dog plasma following the oral administration of ketotifen syrup.

Keywords

• ketotifen
• LC–MS/MS
• Beagle dog plasma
• syrup
• bioanalytical method validation
• bioequivalence