Clinical Optometry (Feb 2024)
Baseline Accommodation and Binocular Vision Measures in Malay Schoolchildren Enrolled in the Myopia Control Study Using Spectacle Lenses in Kuala Lumpur
Abstract
Fatin Nur Najwa Norazman,1,2,* Bariah Mohd-Ali,1,* Syarifah Faiza Syed Mohd Dardin,1,* Mizhanim Mohamad Shahimin,1,* Norliza Mohamad Fadzil,1,* Mohd Norhafizun Mohd Saman,1,* Norhani Mohidin1,* 1Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health (Reach), Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Centre for Optometry Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Selangor, 42300, Malaysia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bariah Mohd-Ali, Optometry and Vision Science Program and Centre for Community Health, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia, Tel +60 39 289 7602, Email [email protected]: Myopia control lenses have been shown to modify visual function; however, it is arguable if these changes are short-term or long-term. We investigated the changes in accommodative behaviour and binocular vision functions of Malay myopic children who participated in a myopia control trial utilising spectacle lenses (n = 40). This article presents baseline accommodation and binocular vision measurements. The mean (± SD) age, spherical equivalent measured by cycloplegic autorefraction, and axial length (AL) for the right eyes were 10.00 ± 1.47 years, − 3.02 ± 1.20 D, and 24.42 ± 0.93 mm, respectively. All participants had good distance and near visual acuities with high-contrast charts (100%), which were significantly better than low-contrast charts (10%) (p < 0.001). The mean (± SD) accommodative lag at baseline was 1.14 ± 0.35 D, while monocular and binocular accommodative amplitudes were 15.35 ± 2.07 D and 16.82 ± 2.27 D, respectively. Malay schoolchildren in this study were more esophoric at near compared to distance, with an accommodative-convergence over accommodation (AC/A) ratio of 5.64 ± 0.66 ∆/D. A higher degree of myopia was found to be associated with a longer AL (r = − 0.49, p < 0.05) and higher esophoria at near (r = − 0.46, p < 0.05). These baseline measures are consistent with data from other studies showing that myopic children have a high accommodative lag, an elevated AC/A ratio, a longer AL, and are more esophoric at near. The measures reported herein will serve as a basis for examining changes that occur within 12 months of wearing myopia control spectacle lenses.Keywords: myopic schoolchildren, myopia control spectacle, accommodation, binocular vision
