An Analysis of the 2008 <i>M</i>_s 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake’s Aftershock Activity

Abstract

We investigated the magnitude–frequency relationship and decay pattern of an aftershock sequence using data from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We analyzed the spatial variations in aftershock activity parameters b and p. The calculated b-value of the aftershock sequence is 0.89 ± 0.02, which is relatively small, probably owing to the absence of small earthquakes in the aftershock catalog. The p-value, indicating the decay rate of aftershock activity, is 1.05 ± 0.02, which is normal. The decay pattern of the Wenchuan aftershock sequence agrees well with the modified Omori law. The b-value of the aftershock sequence mainly spatially varies between 0.6 and 1.2, and the p-value varies between 0.6 and 1.8. Although the physical significance of the spatial variations in b- and p-values has not been clearly defined, in this study, the physical significance of the b-value is mainly related to changes in stress, P-wave velocity, and the density of media in the earthquake area, and that in the p-value is associated with the fault slip amount during the mainshock; the b- and p-values show a strong linear correlation. After the mainshock, stress decreased and increased in areas with large and small b-values, respectively; the regions with large and small b-values were associated with low and high P-wave velocities, respectively. The subsurface media experienced relatively high and low apparent velocities in areas with small and large b-values, respectively. The amount of fault slip was small and large in regions with small and large p-values, respectively, exhibiting a linear correlation between the fault slip amount and p-value. The results indicate that the spatial variations in the b- and p-values were related to the physical properties of the media in the earthquake area and focal earthquake mechanism.

Keywords

• Wenchuan earthquake
• aftershocks
• Gutenberg–Richter relationship
• Omori law