CONTEMPORARY THEORIES ON TAX AND TAXATION FORMULATED IN INTERNATIONAL TAXATION AND IN ROMANIA*

Abstract

We could note the fact that all the theories related to taxes tend to justify their need, both for the state and for the taxpayers, hiding the fact that they are more favourable to the state than to the taxpayers. Having formulated these theories, the authorities strive to justify the extent of taxation and fiscal pressure; they want to demonstrate a certain horizontal and vertical fiscal equity, which in reality, most of the time, does not exist in practice. These fiscal theories have tried to prove, more or less scientifically, the increase of fiscal pressure by imposing new taxes and fees or by increasing the size of existing taxes, they have tried to motivate the quality of taxes as an instrument for regulating the economy, in the sense that they had to maintain inflation for certain periods at a certain level, they have sought to emphasize the need to redistribute income and wealth from taxpayers to the state. It is known, however, that the state, by means of its ruling parties, protects its interests and, in particular, protects certain categories of taxpayers, who are loyal to it.

Keywords

• tax burden
• fiscal policy
• tax refunds
• tax progressivity
• tax breakdown
• tax principles