Isolation of Leptospira kmetyi from residential areas of patients with leptospirosis in Kelantan, Malaysia

Abstract

Background: Environmental sampling provides important information that enhances the understanding of the leptospiral human–environment–animal relationship. Several studies have described the distribution of Leptospira in the environment. However, more targeted sites, that is, areas surrounding leptospirosis patients’ houses, remain under-explored. Therefore, this study aims to detect the presence of Leptospira spp. in the residential areas of patients with leptospirosis. Methods: Soil and water samples near leptospirosis patients’ residences were collected, processed and cultured into EMJH media. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to confirm the identity of Leptospira. Results: EMJH culture and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed predominant growth of pathogenic Leptospira kmetyi (17%, n = 7/42). All tested locations had at least one Leptospira sp., mostly from the soil samples. Conclusion: More than one species of Leptospira may be present in a sampling area. The most common environmental isolates were pathogenic L. kmetyi. Keywords: Leptospirosis, Leptospira, Environment, EMJH, PCR