Loss of glyoxalase 2 alters the glucose metabolism in zebrafish

Abstract

Glyoxalase 2 is the second enzyme of the glyoxalase system, catalyzing the detoxification of methylglyoxal to d-lactate via SD-Lactoylglutathione. Recent in vitro studies have suggested Glo2 as a regulator of glycolysis, but if Glo2 regulates glucose homeostasis and related organ specific functions in vivo has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of glo2 in zebrafish was created and analyzed. Consistent with its function in methylglyoxal detoxification, SD-Lactoylglutathione, but not methylglyoxal accumulated in glo2−/− larvae, without altering the glutathione metabolism or affecting longevity. Adult glo2−/− livers displayed a reduced hexose concentration and a reduced postprandial P70–S6 kinase activation, but upstream postprandial AKT phosphorylation remained unchanged. In contrast, glo2−/− skeletal muscle remained metabolically intact, possibly compensating for the dysfunctional liver through increased glucose uptake and glycolytic activity. glo2−/− zebrafish maintained euglycemia and showed no damage of the retinal vasculature, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle. In conclusion, the data identified Glo2 as a regulator of cellular energy metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle, but the redox state and reactive metabolite accumulation were not affected by the loss of Glo2.

Keywords

• Glyoxalase 2
• Methylglyoxal
• SD-Lactoylglutathione
• P70–S6K
• Zebrafish