The effect of tillage in combination with the use of fertilizers and protective equipment on the yield and economic efficiency of crop cultivation in the North-Eastern region of the central chernozem zone

Abstract

The studies were carried out on typical chernozem. The purpose of the research was to develop resource-saving technological methods of crop cultivation, ensuring an increase in yield and economic efficiency of production. The work was carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment against the background of two types of crop rotations: in 2007-2010 – grain-fallow-hoe (black fallow – winter wheat – sugar beet – barley) and in 2013-2020 – grain-fallow (black fallow – winter wheat – soy – barley). Four systems of basic tillage were compared in the grain-fallow-hoe crop rotation: traditional dump multi-depth, surface, non-dump multi-depth, combined (25% dump + 75% non-dump). There are five tillage systems in the grain-fallow crop rotation, with the inclusion of a combined system in the experiment scheme (25% dump + 75% surface). Fertilizers and plant protection products were used against the background of treatments for crop rotation cultures. The best conditions for the formation of crop yields, arable land productivity in crop rotations and the best economic indicators are formed with combined (25% dump and 75% non-dump) and (25% dump + 75% surface) tillage systems in combination with a low level of mineral nutrition and plant protection products. An increase in the level of mineral nutrition in crop rotations without the use of plant protection products leads to a significant decrease in the economic efficiency of production.