Revista de Saúde Pública (Oct 2008)
Violência doméstica na gravidez: prevalência e fatores associados Violencia domestica durante el embarazo: prevalencia y factores asociados Violence against pregnant women: prevalence and associated factors
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores associados à violência doméstica contra gestantes. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistadas 1.379 gestantes usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde acompanhadas em unidades básicas de saúde no município de Campinas (SP). Foram analisadas a primeira e a segunda entrevistas de um estudo de coorte, aplicando-se questionário estruturado sobre violência doméstica validado no Brasil, de julho de 2004 a julho de 2006. Foram realizadas análise descritiva e regressão logística múltipla dos dados. RESULTADOS: Do total da amostra, 19,1% (n=263) das gestantes reportaram violência psicológica e 6,5% (n=89) violência física/sexual. Os fatores associados à violência psicológica foram: parceiro íntimo adolescente (pOBJETIVO: Identificar los factores asociados a la violencia domestica contra gestantes. MÉTODOS: Se entrevistaron 1.379 gestantes usuarias del Sistema Único de Salud que frecuentaban las unidades básicas de salud en el municipio de Campinas (Sureste de Brasil). Se analizaron las primera y segunda entrevistas de un estudio de cohorte, aplicándose cuestionario estructurado sobre violencia domestica valido en Brasil, de julio de 2004 a julio de 2006. Se realizaron análisis descriptiva y regresión logística múltiple de los datos. RESULTADOS: Del total de las gestantes, 19,1% (n=263) reportaron violencia psicológica y 6,5% (n=89) violencia física/sexual. Los factores asociados a la violencia psicológica fueron: pareja íntima adolescente (pOBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with domestic violence against pregnant women. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 1,379 pregnant women undergoing antenatal care in basic health care units of the Brazilian Health System, within the municipality of Campinas (Southeastern Brazil). A structured questionnaire on domestic violence, validated in Brazil, was applied between July 2004 and July 2006. The first and second interviews in a cohort study were analyzed. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analysis of the data were conducted. RESULTS: Psychological violence was reported by 19.1% (n=263) of the total sample of pregnant women and physical/sexual violence was reported by 6.5% (n=89) of them. The factors associated to psychological violence were: adolescent intimate partner (p<0.019) and the pregnant woman had witnessed physical aggression before she was 15 years old (p<0.001). The factors associated to physical/sexual violence were: difficulties encountered by the pregnant woman in attending her antenatal appointments (p<0.014), intimate partner uses drugs (p<0.015) and does not work (p<0.048). The factors associated to psychological and physical/ sexual violence were: low level of education of the interviewee (p<0.013 and p<0.020, respectively), the pregnant woman being responsible for the family (p<0.001 and p=0.017, respectively) pregnant woman had suffered physical aggression during childhood (p<0.029 and p<0.038, respectively), presence of common mental disorder (p<0.001) and intimate partner consumes alcoholic beverage twice or more weekly. (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of different categories of domestic violence by an intimate partner during pregnancy was found as well as different factors associated with them. Appropriate mechanisms are necessary, particularly in primary health care, to identify and deal with domestic violence during pregnancy.
