Challenges and Innovations in Breast Cancer Screening in India: A Review of Epidemiological Trends and Diagnostic Strategies

Abstract

The intricate terrain of breast cancer (BC) in India is examined in this review, which also looks at screening techniques, geographical differences, epidemiological trends, and obstacles to early diagnosis. BC has a major impact in India, especially on women. The research examines data from 2014 to 2024 and finds that, although overall cancer rates are declining, there has been a noticeable increase in BC cases. While obstacles including late-stage diagnosis and restricted access to treatment contribute to lower survival rates in India compared to Western countries, regional variations underscore the need for customized screening measures. The analysis of screening methods highlights the particular difficulties that Indian women encounter, such as the limitations of mammography in a country whose breast density is higher. The review presents cutting-edge technologies like breast exams and computer-aided detection and examines alternative techniques like ultrasonography. The importance of healthcare spending on screening uptake is highlighted by the regional inequality discussion, and mobile screening camps have emerged as a workable way to get around access and cost issues. The relevance of patient education and awareness in the Indian context is emphasized in the review’s conclusion. The lack of adequate health resources and sociocultural obstacles, such as the fear of cancer, highlight the necessity of early detection campaigns and thorough education programs. With a knowledge of the difficulties and achievements in BC screening procedures, this narrative review hopes to make a significant contribution to the larger conversation about managing BC in the particular setting of India.