Utilizing Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Discriminant Analysis of Goat Milk Composition across Diverse Breeds and Lactation Seasons

Abstract

Goat milk is a vital, sustainable dairy product source that contributes significantly to the global dairy market. Different goat breeds may produce milk with varying compositions during different lactation seasons. Therefore, milk composition and quality need to be monitored. As a versatile and non-destructive method, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) offers the potential for evaluating various milk parameters. In this study, we aim to establish NIRS models for classifying goat’s milk samples between the native Red and Alpine Breed at first and fifth lactation season. Our objective is to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of NIRS as a viable alternative to traditional laboratory techniques. Forty-five milk samples were collected from two breeds, French Alpine goats, and native Red goats. Within each breed, half of the samples originated from goats in their first lactation season and the other half from goats in their fifth lactation season. The NIRS measurements were conducted using homogenized, untreated, and diluted milk samples. The experiment was performed with a benchtop spectrophotometer (740–1700 nm). Qualitative analysis using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was conducted, demonstrating the feasibility of NIRS in effectively classifying samples. The achieved accuracy ranged between 67.19% to 100%, depending on the breed and lactation period. These findings underscore the potential of NIRS as a rapid, non-destructive analytical tool for quality monitoring and milk analysis. Its insights guide decision-making in nutrition, agriculture, food production, and public health. By exploiting on the distinct attributes of goat milk originating from various breeds at different lactation periods, we can offer a wide range of appropriate and varied food choices tailored to distinct population groups.

Keywords

• goat milk
• milk composition
• Alpine and Red Breeds
• NIRS models
• qualitative analysis
• benchtop spectrophotometer