Heliyon (May 2022)
Is the AKOBEN programme the panacea to gold mining related environmental degradation in Ghana? An integrated analysis of the AKOBEN programme
Abstract
‘AKOBEN Programme’ named after an 'Adinkra' symbol signifying vigilance, circumspection, and preparedness the underlying principles for the first “environmental performance rating and public disclosure initiative” which came into effect in the year 2010 was to serves as a continuous monitoring tool for gold mining companies among others post their environmental impact assessment in Ghana. Based on several criteria including legal requirements, environmental monitoring/reporting, hazardous/toxic waste management, best practices in environmental management, complaints management, compliance to environmental quality standards, community relation and corporate social responsibility policy, the effectiveness of the ‘AKOBEN Programme’ as a wholly Ghanaian tool for promoting good environmental stewardship was assessed. An adapted version of the integrated policy analysis, which links actual programme performance with criteria for programme performance consisting of an ‘AKOBEN Programme’ commitment review, an ‘AKOBEN Programme’ strategy scan and an ‘AKOBEN Programme’ plan and strategy mix matrix were used in scrutinizing environmental commitments mandated by the ‘AKOBEN Programme’. Even though the ‘AKOBEN Programme’ does not have specific legislations it relies on legal frameworks ‘Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994 (Act 490)’ and Environmental Assessment Regulation 1999, Legislative Instrument 1652. The effect of the ‘AKOBEN Programme’ with reference to air/water quality monitoring, ‘complaints management/community relations and corporate social responsibility’ are moderately positive (++M), highly positive (+++H) and moderately positive (++M) respectively. This study will provide scientifically credible suggestion to gaps in Ghana's ‘AKOBEN Programme’ for improved environmental governance in Ghana.
