Геохімія техногенезу (Aug 2019)
MODERN PROBLEMS OF GEOCHEMISTRY OF TECHNOGENESIS
Abstract
The introductory paper for the updated Collection of Scientific Papers of Institute of Environmental Geochemistry is devoted to historical aspect of foundation, development and formation of modern issues of scientific direction titled Geochemistry of Technogenesis. This direc-tion studies totality of the chemical and technical processes, caused by artificial activity that conduces to the redistribution of chemical elements on a planet. It aroused up on the basis of modern geochemistry of V.І. Vernadsky that studies the processes of evolution of chemi-cal composition of the earth crust, which is developed in labours of O.Ye. Fersman. Technological revolution resulted in forming of new geological force, namely Man, is stipulated the substantial redistribution of chemical elements in the earth crust owing to anthropogenic activity. The zone of technogenesis arrives at the low bound of biosphere in the earth crust. Artificial emission of some chemical elements (Pb,Se) more than 100 times exceeds their natural emission. The volume of the earth crust matter attracted in the technogenesis an order of magnitude exceeds the sedimentation during Phanerozoj that conduces to violation of the thermodynamics quasi-equilibrium formed dur-ing 4.5 billion years. The special actuality this direction purchased in the second half of the twentieth century because of insertion in a biosphere a number of artificial substances that does not exist in the nature. Modern problems of geochemistry of technogenesis lie in the research field of global anthropogenic cycle namely "energy – wastes". Wastes generally are the result of our activity on production and use of energy. Accumulation of wastes in biosphere three times exceeds the rate of sedimentation in Phanerozoj. The main ways of overcom-ing the antagonism between a technosphere and biosphere consist in global introduction of the reserved productive cycle and the treatment of the already accumulated wastes to the state that is fit into natural biogeochemical cycles. The basic principle of wastes handling have become the perspective ability to waste usage by future generations on the corresponding stage of development of technological revolution. The ecological stabilization of biosphere must become the main priority of scientific researches.
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