Quantitative Elimination of Seismic Pseudofaults and Fine Analysis of True Faults Underlying Igneous Rocks of No-Well Areas: A Case Study of Shuntuoguole Uplift in Tarim Basin

Abstract

After multistage tectonic movement and evolution, large superimposed oil and gas basins generally developed many igneous rocks in the early rifting stages. The lithology and lithofacies of igneous rocks are complex, which is easy to lead to the distortion of the underlying migration velocity field and thus the response of seismic pseudofaults. Also, because of the obvious shielding and absorption effect of igneous rocks on seismic waves, the waveform quality of underlying strata is poor and the seismic response characteristics of faults are fuzzy. Currently, relevant studies have shown that the influence of igneous rock can be eliminated by the prestack depth migration with an accurate igneous rock velocity model. However, improving the accuracy of the velocity model needs to be corrected by well-logging data, resulting in poor applicability of the existing velocity modeling technology underlying igneous rocks without well, which is an obvious technical bottleneck. In this paper, the secondary strike-slip fault in Shuntuoguole low uplift of Tarim Basin, which has great oil and gas exploration potential but a very low degree of drilling, is selected as the research object. Aiming at difficult fault detection underlying igneous rocks caused by lack of drilling, the accuracy of fault seismic identification is improved by “interpretative fault preprocessing” and “fault sensitive attribute optimization.” In addition, through the “extreme hypothesis method” to maximize the complex migration velocity and simulate the underlying target layer distortion maximization, we realize the quantitative elimination of seismic pseudofaults. The practical application shows that this technology can determine the true and fake underlying faults quantitatively without establishing an accurate igneous rock velocity model. It is crucial not only for exploring oil and gas in the Tarim Basin’s secondary strike-slip faults but also for offering a method and technical guide for identifying faults in other basins affected by igneous rocks.