Radiographic analysis of idiopathic osteosclerosis of jaws in Indian sub-population: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Context: Idiopathic osteosclerosis may be congenital or developmental in origin and are asymptomatic. It usually manifests as an incidentaloma and hence it can be encountered in the panoramic radiograph during routine radiographic examination. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of idiopathic osteosclerosis in the Indian population using digital panoramic radiographs. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a total of 2000 digital panoramic radiographs for the presence of idiopathic osteosclerosis in the Indian sub-population. The area that appeared as an obvious bony island, either round, oval, or irregular shape with a definite internal structure, was selected as a criterion for diagnosis and categorized into five types based on location: inter radicular, inter radicular and separate, apical and inter radicular, apical, and separate. After evaluation, it was correlated based on age, gender, type, and location. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: A total of 90 areas of osteosclerosis were found, and a prevalence rate of 4.5% was obtained. The separate type of osteosclerosis showed the highest rate of occurrence. The prevalence rate was identified to be higher in female subjects, and the majority of the lesions occurred among the age group of 12-21 years. Conclusions: This study showed the prevalence of 4.5% on digital panoramic radiographs and found a significant value (p-value 0.042) between the types of idiopathic osteosclerosis and its location.

Keywords

• bony islands
• idiopathic osteosclerosis
• panoramic radiographs
• prevalence