Distributed Consensus Control Supported by High Reporting Rate Meters in Inverter-Based Cyber-Physical Microgrids

Abstract

This paper presents formulation and analysis of a distributed consensus-based controller for power electronics based microgrids (MG) with grid forming (GFM) and grid feeding (GFD) inverters. The control is supported by measurements from high reporting rate meters that improve the dynamics of consensus control and enables participation of buses with no dispatchable units. The study is performed on a developed cyber-physical (CP) model in DQ domain that allows for the analysis of arbitrary MGs. The control is established on fundamental principles of consensus and provides power sharing and voltage regulation, maintains power reserve in MG, and assumes distinct roles for different types of inverters. The analysis of the control scheme includes aspects of coupling between cyber and physical layers and stability under multi-layer communication structure. The study addresses disadvantages of classical hierarchical control and enhances analysis of distributed controllers through the proposed CP model.

Keywords

• Microgrid
• consensus
• cyber-physical model
• power sharing
• grid forming inverter
• grid feeding inverter