Evaluation on the LegalTrade of Tokay gecko (Lacertidae; Gekkonidae; Gekko geckoLinnaeus, 1758) in Indonesia

Abstract

Tokaygecko(Gekko gecko)is alarge-sized gecko from the genus of Gekko, whichis most commonly found from South Asia, southern China, and Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, these species are common to inhabit human-modified habitat in Sumatera, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas, Sulawesi, and Moluccas. In recent years, the demand for Tokay gekkowith high use-value in both national and in-ternational markets has increased, one of which is used for traditional medicine. This situation raised the concern on the decreasing of the wild population and the validity of captive breeding programs that produced a large number of individuals. Several reports had estimated millions of individuals have been exported from Indonesia either legally or illegally, however, the exact number never been re-ported. The purpose of this study is toevaluate the trend on the harvested Tokay gecko and its origin based on the source code information. The data were collected from government records, including specimens harvested from the wild and spec-imens produced from captivity during 2013-2018 (six years). The results showed that the legally exported specimens were sourced from wild (W) and captive breeding (C or F). The total numbers of individuals exported from the wild harvest are 97.146, and all export realization is below the wild harvest quota. However, there are the large numbersof individuals exported and declared as specimens produced from the captive breeding facilities (6.965.000 with source code F, and 1.236.000 with source code C). More importantly, the highlevel of specimens producedfrom captive breeding facilities is unlikely to match with the biological capacity of this species. Therefore, we predict that specimens labeled captive breeding were likely sourced from the wild.

Keywords

• captive breeding
• gekko gecko
• harvest
• trade
• wild population