Investigating The Relationship on CO2, Tourism, Economic Growth and Trade Openness in Turkey(Türkiye'de CO2, Turizm, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Dışa Açıklık İlişkilerin Araştırılması)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic growth, trade openness and tourist arrivals on CO2 emissions by considering the period 1970 through to 2014. For this purpose, firstly, by analyzing the stability of the variables, it was determined that the variables were stationary at level I (1). After the variables were determined to be stationary at I (1), the ARDL boundary test analysis was performed. The cointegration relation was determined according to the ARDL boundary test analysis. In addition, economic growth, trade openness and tourist arrivals have significant positive effect on economic growth. According to the VECM Granger causality analysis, there was found to be unidirectional causality from economic growth to CO2 emissions, from trade openness to CO2 emissions, from tourist arrivals to CO2 emissions and from trade openness to economic growth in Turkey. According to the long-term causality results, there is a relationship of unidirectional causality from economic growth, trade openness and tourist arrivals to CO2 emissions.

Keywords

• Tourism
• CO2 Emission
• Economic Growth
• Trade Openness
• Turkey