Analyses of the Chemical Composition of Plasma-Activated Water and Its Potential Applications for Vaginal Health

Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate the unique chemical compositions of plasma-activated water (PAW) and the potential antibacterial efficacy of PAW as a novel vaginal cleanser. We analyzed the ion compositions (four anions: F−, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−; five cations: Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) of several formulations of PAW generated at different electrical powers (12 and 24 V) at various treatment time points (1, 10, and 20 min), and stay durations (immediate, 30, and 60 min). As treatment duration increased, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations increased and Cl− concentration decreased. Higher electrical power and longer treatment duration resulted in increased HOCl levels, which acts to prevent the growth of general microorganisms. Notably, PAW had no antibacterial effects against the probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri, which produces lactic acid and is important for vaginal health. These findings indicate that PAW contains HOCl and some cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+), which should help protect against pathogens of the vaginal mucosa and have a cleansing effect within the vaginal environment while not harming beneficial bacteria.

Keywords

• plasma-activated water (PAW)
• hypochlorous acid (HOCl)
• probiotics (<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i>)
• mucosa protection
• vaginal cleansing effect