GARİP KALDIM VATANIMDAN UZAKTA: KLASİK TÜRK ŞİİRİNDE ŞÂM-I GARÎBÂN

Abstract

Poets of the classical Ottoman era incorporated into their poetry the characteristics of the society in which they lived, their way of life, and almost every object they encountered in their daily lives as a means to express their emotions and thoughts. Generally, the poets included common words, concepts, and phrases in their poems. However, in addition to the basic meanings of the words and concepts, poets used the metaphorical and secondary meanings and connotations of these concepts in their poetry. “Şâm-ı garîbân” is one of the conspicuous concepts in terms of the meaning that divan poets attributed. “Şâm-ı garîbân” has various meanings; for Shiites, “şâm-ı garîbân” refers to the evening of the calamity that befell Imam Hussein and his companions. The evening of the tenth day of Muharram, when Imam Hussein was martyred and the Ahl al-Bayt were taken captive by the soldiers of Yezid, is also called “şâm-ı garîbân”. Additionally, this expression is used to denote the evening of the poor and destitute, who feel more distressed when the night falls. The basis of this study is the use of the expression “şâm-ı garîbân” in poetry. In order to originate the sample of our study; first, we have identified couplets where this expression is used by examining the diwans of poets. Before discussing the couplets, we will provide information from sources about the expression “şâm-ı garîbân”. We will then analyse all identified couplets and present selected examples to show the various meanings of the expression “şâm-ı garîbân” in classical Turkish poetry and to determine which meaning is more dominant in the poems. Therefore, it is tried to reveal what the concept of “şâm-ı garîbân” means and connotes in the rich world of classical Turkish poetry, and how frequently it is used.

Keywords

• klasik türk şiiri
• divan
• şair
• şâm-ı garibân.