Classification of Molecular Biomarkers

Abstract

A “biomarker” is any measurable characteristic that indicates the presence or absence of disease or the biological response to a stimulus, typically an exposure or intervention. The FDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group has produced a document called Biomarkers, EndpointS and other Tools (BEST), which defines 7 categories of biomarkers according to their clinical usage: susceptibility and risk, diagnostic, monitoring, prognostic, predictive, pharmacodynamic and treatment response, and safety. We approach the classification of biomarkers in 2 additional ways: their bodily source and their measurement type. In the context of their use in genitourinary malignancy, we also consider factors that influence their use and reliability in clinical and research applications.

Keywords

• biomarker
• nucleic acids
• cryopreservation
• tissue fixation
• body fluids
• tissues
• urologic oncology