Nuclear Fusion (Jan 2024)
Observation of alpha-particles in recent D–T experiments on JET
- V.G. Kiptily,
- C.D. Challis,
- R. Dumont,
- M. Fitzgerald,
- J. Garcia,
- L. Garzotti,
- Z. Ghani,
- J. Hobirk,
- P. Jacquet,
- A. Kappatou,
- D. Keeling,
- Ye. Kazakov,
- P. Mantica,
- M.J. Mantsinen,
- S.E. Sharapov,
- E.R. Solano,
- D. Van Eester,
- P.J. Bonofiglo,
- T. Craciunescu,
- A. Dal Molin,
- J. Eriksson,
- V. Goloborodko,
- M.V. Iliasova,
- E.M. Khilkevitch,
- D. King,
- I. Lengar,
- M. Nocente,
- S. Menmuir,
- M. Podestà,
- M. Poradzinski,
- D. Rigamonti,
- J. Rivero-Rodriguez,
- Z. Stancar,
- A.E. Shevelev,
- P. Siren,
- H. Sun,
- D.M. Taylor,
- M. Tardocchi,
- P. Beaumont,
- F. Belli,
- F.E. Cecil,
- R. Coelho,
- M. Curuia,
- M. Garcia-Munoz,
- E. Joffrin,
- C. Lowry,
- M. Lennholm,
- E. Lerche,
- C.F. Maggi,
- J. Mailloux,
- D. Marocco,
- M. Maslov,
- C. Perez Von Thun,
- F. Rimini,
- V. Zoita,
- JET Contributors
Affiliations
- V.G. Kiptily
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- C.D. Challis
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- R. Dumont
- ORCiD
- CEA, IRFM , F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- M. Fitzgerald
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- J. Garcia
- ORCiD
- CEA, IRFM , F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- L. Garzotti
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Z. Ghani
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- J. Hobirk
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik , Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
- P. Jacquet
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- A. Kappatou
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik , Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
- D. Keeling
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Ye. Kazakov
- LPP-ERM/KMS, Association EUROFUSION-Belgian State, TEC partner , Brussels, Belgium
- P. Mantica
- ORCiD
- Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia Dei Plasmi, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche , Milano, Italy
- M.J. Mantsinen
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centtre , Barcelona, Spain; ICREA , Pg. LiuisCompanys23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- S.E. Sharapov
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- E.R. Solano
- ORCiD
- Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT , Madrid, Spain
- D. Van Eester
- ORCiD
- LPP-ERM/KMS, Association EUROFUSION-Belgian State, TEC partner , Brussels, Belgium
- P.J. Bonofiglo
- ORCiD
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory , Princeton NJ 08543, NJ, United States of America
- T. Craciunescu
- ORCiD
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics , Bucharest, Romania
- A. Dal Molin
- ORCiD
- Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, National Research Council , Milan, Italy
- J. Eriksson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , BOX 516 Uppsala, Sweden
- V. Goloborodko
- Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research , ProspektNauky47, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
- M.V. Iliasova
- Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute , 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
- E.M. Khilkevitch
- Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute , 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
- D. King
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- I. Lengar
- Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- M. Nocente
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca , Milan, Italy
- S. Menmuir
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- M. Podestà
- ORCiD
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory , Princeton NJ 08543, NJ, United States of America
- M. Poradzinski
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- D. Rigamonti
- ORCiD
- Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, National Research Council , Milan, Italy
- J. Rivero-Rodriguez
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; FAMN Department, Faculty of Physics, University of Seville , 41012 Seville, Spain
- Z. Stancar
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Jožef Stefan Institute , Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- A.E. Shevelev
- Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute , 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
- P. Siren
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- H. Sun
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- D.M. Taylor
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- M. Tardocchi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca , Milan, Italy
- P. Beaumont
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- F. Belli
- Unità Tecnica Fusione -ENEA C. R. Frascati , via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
- F.E. Cecil
- Colorado School of Mines , Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
- R. Coelho
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- M. Curuia
- National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology , Bucharest, Romania
- M. Garcia-Munoz
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca , Milan, Italy
- E. Joffrin
- CEA, IRFM , F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- C. Lowry
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- M. Lennholm
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- E. Lerche
- LPP-ERM/KMS, Association EUROFUSION-Belgian State, TEC partner , Brussels, Belgium
- C.F. Maggi
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- J. Mailloux
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- D. Marocco
- Unità Tecnica Fusione -ENEA C. R. Frascati , via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
- M. Maslov
- ORCiD
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- C. Perez Von Thun
- ORCiD
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM) , Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland
- F. Rimini
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority , Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- V. Zoita
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics , Bucharest, Romania
- JET Contributors
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad5c81
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 64,
no. 8
p. 086059
Abstract
The fusion reaction between deuterium and tritium, D ( T,n ) ^4 He is the main source of energy in future thermonuclear reactors. Alpha-particles ( ^4 He -ions) born with an average energy of 3.5 MeV transferring energy to the thermal plasma during their slowing down, should provide the self-sustained D–T plasma burn. The adequate confinement of α -particles is essential to provide efficient heating of the bulk plasma and steady burning of a reactor plasma. That is why the fusion-born α -particle studies have been a priority task in the second D–T experiments (DTE2) on the Joint European Torus (JET) to understand the main mechanisms of their slowing down, redistribution and losses and to develop optimal plasma scenarios. JET with Be -wall and W -divertor, enhanced auxiliary heating systems and improved energetic-particle diagnostic capabilities, producing significant population of α -particles, provided the possibility for comprehensive studying of the α -particle behaviour. Selected results of the confined and lost α -particle measurements, evidence of α -particle self-heating and assessments of the fusion performance are presented in this paper giving an opportunity for further modelling and extrapolation to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and burning plasma reactors.
Keywords
