O Mundo da Saúde (Oct 2021)
Risk and transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis associated with the prevalence of the disease in Teresina-Piauí
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify the risk of transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) associated with sanitation conditions and the prevalence of the disease in Teresina, Piauí. This was a quantitative, descriptive, documentary research study, with data extracted from the National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN/DATASUS), National Sanitation Information System (NSIS), and the Center for Zoonoses of the city of Teresina. According to data from SINAN/DATASUS, 345 VL cases were registered in the city of Teresina, during the period of 2013 to 2018. The year with the highest number of cases was 2013 (20%) and the lowest in 2018 (10.14%). As for the gender variable, male individuals were the most affected (70.14%), and the highest occurrence was among rural residents (90.72%) and mixed-race individuals (90.43%). Regarding canine VL (CVL) in Teresina, during the study period, the Zoonoses Center collected 42,065 blood samples, 67.07% of which were seroreactive to the Rapid Test and 32.93% were seroreactive to the ELISA Test. In periods with fewer notifications of the disease, a better supply of water, sewage, and waste collection were observed. Thus, it is possible to see that human and canine visceral leishmaniasis are related to health issues, since the lack of adequate sanitation contributes to a greater proliferation of the vector and, consequently, an increase in the number of cases of VL. It is concluded that the number of cases of Human and Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis evolved in a similar way, raising the risk of disease transmission in urban areas.
