The inhibitive action of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on the porosity of corrosion film formed on aluminum and aluminum–titanium alloys in hydrochloric acid solution

Abstract

Abstract 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) in a solution of 0.5 M HCl is an effective corrosion inhibitor for aluminum and aluminum–titanium alloys. Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to assess this heterocyclic compound’s anticorrosive potential and complementary by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and calculating porosity percentage in the absence and presence of various inhibitor concentrations. Inhibition efficiency (IE%) was strongly related to concentration (10–6–10–3 M). Temperature’s effect on corrosion behavior was investigated. The data exhibited that the IE% decreases as the temperature increases. An increase in activation energy (E a) with increasing the inhibitor concentration and the decrease in the IE% value of the mentioned compound with raising the temperature indicates that the inhibitor molecules are adsorbed physically on the surface. Thermodynamic activation parameters for Al and Al–Ti alloy dissolution in both 0.5 M HCl and the inhibited solution were calculated and discussed. According to Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm, the inhibitor molecules were adsorbed. The evaluated standard values of the enthalpy ( $$\Delta {H}_{ads.}^{o})$$ Δ H a d s . o ) , entropy ( $$\Delta {S}_{ads.}^{o})$$ Δ S a d s . o ) and free energy changes ( $$\Delta {G}_{ads.}^{o})$$ Δ G a d s . o ) showed that $$\Delta {H}_{ads.}^{o}$$ Δ H a d s . o and $$\Delta {G}_{ads.}^{o}$$ Δ G a d s . o are negative, while $$\Delta {S}_{ads.}^{o}$$ Δ S a d s . o was positive. The formation of a protective layer adsorbed on the surfaces of the substrates was confirmed with the surface analysis (SEM). The porosity percentage is significantly reduced in the inhibitor presence and gradually decreased with increasing concentration. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were employed to explain the variance in protecting the Al surface from corrosion. Interestingly, the theoretical findings align with their experimental counterparts. The planarity of 2-MBT and the presence of heteroatoms are the playmakers in the adsorption process.