Epidemiology of Disability of Adult Population in the Russian Federation

Abstract

Relevance. In accordance with Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-ФЗ “On the Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation”, the activities of the rehabilitation service for people with disabilities are the most important indicator of public health and the effectiveness of the healthcare system. The official reporting data is one of the most important sources of information, however, the totality of the data presented in them is limited to the information entered in the corresponding reporting forms and, therefore, does not contain all the information that would make it possible to fully judge the problems arising from disability. For this reason, the need for special studies is obvious. Aims. Analysis of the epidemiology of adult disability in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The volume of the study was 34,840,933 people aged 18 years and older, recognized as disabled, including 12,971,062 elderly people with disabilities. The object of the study was the data on primary and secondary disability in the form of state statistical observation No. 7-sobes approved by the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, statistical compilations of the Federal State Budget Institution of the Federal Security Service of the Ministry of Labor of the Ministry of Labor of Russia for 2005–2016. The study is continuous. Study Period 2009–2016 Research methods: documentary, data copying, statistical and graphic. Research bases: Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Federal Security Bureau of the Ministry of Labor of the Ministry of Labor of Russia and branches of the main bureau of medical and social expertise in Moscow (19 branches in the administrative districts of Moscow). Results. The leading age cohort in the structure of adult disability in the Russian Federation is the elderly, the proportion of which exceeded the VPI among other age groups of the adult population. In 2005–2016 6.6 million elderly people (56.8% of the total number of people with disabilities) were recognized as primarily disabled; on average, 552.2 thousand people a year (56.8%). On average, 156.2 thousand people (16.1% of the total number of people with disabilities) became disabled people at a young age, and 263.1 thousand people (27.1%) became middle-aged people with disabilities. The contingent, both for the first time and repeatedly recognized by people with disabilities, is formed by people with disabilities due to the classes of diseases of the circulatory system, malignant neoplasms, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue. The dynamics of the severity of primary and secondary disability in the Russian Federation is multidirectional. There is a regional differentiation in the prevalence of disability among adults in the territories of federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Older people (about 80%) suffer from multiple chronic pathologies. In one elderly patient older than 60 years, on average, four to five different chronic diseases are detected. The accumulation of impaired functions of organs and systems helps to reduce the adaptive capacity of the body and is associated with limited life, which entails an increase in the risks of disability in the elderly and the need for medical and social rehabilitation. Conclusions. Currently, the low level of rehabilitation and habilitation of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation remains. In order to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation of people with disabilities, it is necessary to develop a unified system for monitoring the implementation of rehabilitation treatment and socialization technologies as part of a single continuous process of medical and social rehabilitation at all levels of its implementation on an interdepartmental basis.

Keywords

• инвалидность
• первичная инвалидность
• повторная инвалидность
• медико-социальная реабилитация и абилитация