Sex differences in clinical risk factors in obese ischemic stroke patients with a history of smoking

Abstract

Abstract Clinical risk factors associated obesity and smoking, as well as their combined effect, are not fully understood. This study aims to determine sex differences in risk factors in a population of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who are obese and with a history of previous or current smoking. Methods A retrospective analysis of risk factors in male and female AIS patients with baseline data of obesity and current or previous history of smoking, smoking, and obesity alone was determined. The primary predictor and outcome are risk factors associated with male and female AIS patients. Baseline risk factors were analyzed using a multivariate regression analysis to determine specific risk factors linked with the combined effect of obesity and current or previous history of smoking’’. Results Male obese AIS patients who are current or previous smokers were more likely to be older patients(OR = 1.024, 95% CI, 1.022–1.047, P = 0.033) that present with coronary artery disease (OR = 1.806, 95% CI, 1.028–3.174, P = 0.040), a history of alcohol use (OR = 2.873, 95% CI, 1.349–6.166, P = 0.006), elevated serum creatinine (OR = 4.724, 95% CI, 2.171–10.281, P < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.029, 95% CI, 1.011–1.047, P < 0.002). Females were more associated with depression (OR = 0.432, 95% CI, 0.244–0.764, P = 0.004), previous TIA (OR = 0.319, 95% CI, 0.142–0.714, P < 0.005), and higher levels of HDL (OR = 0.938, 95% CI, 0.915–0.962, P < 0.001). Conclusion Our results reveal sex differences in risk factors in obese AIS patients with a current or past history of smoking. This finding emphasizes the need to develop management strategies to improve the care of obese AIS patients who are either current or former smokers.

Keywords

• Acute ischemic stroke
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Males
• Females