Journal of Lipid Research (May 2009)
Genome-wide association study of plasma lipoprotein(a) levels identifies multiple genes on chromosome 6q[S]
- Carole Ober,
- Alex S. Nord,
- Emma E. Thompson,
- Lin Pan,
- Zheng Tan,
- Darren Cusanovich,
- Ying Sun,
- Raluca Nicolae,
- Celina Edelstein,
- Daniel H. Schneider,
- Christine Billstrand,
- Ditta Pfaffinger,
- Natasha Phillips,
- Rebecca L. Anderson,
- Binu Philips,
- Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan,
- Thomas S. Hatsukami,
- Mark J. Rieder,
- Patrick J. Heagerty,
- Deborah A. Nickerson,
- Mark Abney,
- Santica Marcovina,
- Gail P. Jarvik,
- Angelo M. Scanu,
- Dan L. Nicolae
Affiliations
- Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Alex S. Nord
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Emma E. Thompson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Lin Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Zheng Tan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Darren Cusanovich
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Ying Sun
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Raluca Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Celina Edelstein
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Daniel H. Schneider
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Christine Billstrand
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Ditta Pfaffinger
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Natasha Phillips
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Rebecca L. Anderson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Binu Philips
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Thomas S. Hatsukami
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Mark J. Rieder
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Patrick J. Heagerty
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Deborah A. Nickerson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Mark Abney
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Santica Marcovina
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Gail P. Jarvik
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Angelo M. Scanu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Genomic Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA; Present address for L. Pan: Department of Biostatistics, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road NE, Room B, 4112 Atlanta, GA; Present address for Z. Tan: Medical Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015 Houston, TX 77030
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 50,
no. 5
pp. 798 – 806
Abstract
Plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) level is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease that is under strong genetic control. We conducted a genome-wide association study of plasma Lp(a) in 386 members of a founder population that adheres to a communal lifestyle, proscribes cigarette smoking, and prepares and eats meals communally. We identified associations with 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 12.5 Mb on chromosome 6q26-q27 that met criteria for genome-wide significance (P ≤ 1.3 × 10−7) and were within or flanking nine genes, including LPA. We show that variation in at least six genes in addition to LPA are significantly associated with Lp(a) levels independent of each other and of the kringle IV repeat polymorphism in the LPA gene. One novel SNP in intron 37 of the LPA gene was also associated with Lp(a) levels and carotid artery disease number in unrelated Caucasians (P = 7.3 × 10−12 and 0.024, respectively), also independent of kringle IV number. This study suggests a complex genetic architecture of Lp(a) levels that may involve multiple loci on chromosome 6q26-q27.
