Planta Daninha (Jan 2009)
Bancos de sementes de plantas daninhas em cultivos de mandioca na Amazônia Central Weed seed banks in cassava cultivations in Central Amazon
Abstract
Este estudo investigou a densidade de sementes e a riqueza de espécies dos bancos de sementes de plantas daninhas em cultivos de mandioca (Manihot esculenta), em pequenas propriedades rurais localizadas em Manacapuru, Amazonas. Nos cultivos foram estabelecidas quatro parcelas, de onde foram coletadas 20 amostras (0,0225 m²) de 15 x 15 cm (0,0225 m²) na camada de 0-5 cm e três amostras nas profundidades de 5-10 e 10-30 cm, totalizando 104 amostras. Para a contagem e identificação das sementes, utilizou-se a técnica de emergência de plântulas em casa de vegetação. As plântulas foram identificadas, inicialmente, por morfotipo e, quando possível, até espécie. O monitoramento foi feito durante nove meses. Houve diferença significativa na densidade de sementes (Kruskal Wallis, 5%; pThis study aimed to evaluate seed density and number of species in a weed seed bank collected from four different cassava family farms. The farms were located on highway AM-070 in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Four plots were established in each cassava crop, from which 20 15 x 15 cm samples.(0.0225 m²) at 0-5 cm depth level and three samples at 5-10 and 10-30 depth levels were collected, totalizing 104 samples. For seed counting and identification, plantlet emergence technique under greenhouse conditions was used. The plantlets were initially identified by morphotype and when possible, even by species. Monitoring was conducted during 9 months. A significant difference in seed density was found among the plots (Kruskal Wallis, 5%; p<0.05) and an average of 5.113 seeds m-2 at 0-5 cm depth. At the depth of 5-10 cm, the cassava crops presented an average of 1.111 seeds m-2 , while at the 10-30 cm depth,the average was 285 seeds m-2 . The seed banks of the cassava crops were basically herbaceous species typical of agricultural lands and disturbed environments. Weed cut once a year was not sufficient to control weed plants and reduce negative weed interference intensity. Thus, therefore, greater care is necessary during the periods before flowering and seed production, according to labor availability.
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