Two-Dimensional Solitons in Bose–Einstein Condensates with Spin–Orbit Coupling and Rydberg–Rydberg Interaction

Abstract

Applying an imaginary time evolution method (AITEM) to the system of Gross–Pitaevskii equations, we find two-dimensional stable solitons in binary atomic Bose–Einstein condensates with spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and the Rydberg–Rydberg interaction (RRI). The stability of 2D solitons by utilizing their norm and energy is discussed in detail. Depending on the SOC and Rydberg–Rydberg interaction, we find stable zero-vorticity and vortical solitons. Furthermore, we show that the solitons can be effectively tuned by the local and nonlocal nonlinearities of this system.

Keywords

• Bose–Einstein condensates
• spin–orbit coupling
• Rydberg–Rydberg interaction