Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias (Sep 2008)
Efecto de la relación proteína y energía sobre los niveles de amonio ruminal y nitrógeno ureico en sangre y leche, de vacas doble propósito del piedemonte llanero, Colombia Efeito de proteínas e de energia em relação aos níveis de amónio rúmen e da BUN e leite, vacas dupla finalidade do piedemonte llanero, Colômbia Effect of protein and energy relationship on the levels of ammonium rumen and blood urea nitrogen and milk, in dual purpose cows at the llanero foothills, Colombia
Abstract
Los efectos de cinco suplementos con diferente relación proteína cruda:energía metabólica (PC:EM) sobre los niveles de nitrógeno amoniacal en rumen (AR) y nitrógeno ureico en sangre (NUS) y leche (NUL), fueron evaluados en vacas doble propósito en el trópico bajo del Piedemonte llanero colombiano, mediante un diseño cuadrado latino 5x5. En el tratamiento 1, los animales recibieron a voluntad forraje de pasto Brachiaria decumbens y 900 g de harina de arroz; en el tratamiento 2 recibieron adicionalmente 39 g de úrea; en el tratamiento 3 recibieron 84 g de úrea; el tratamiento 4 fue similar al tratamiento 2 más 1200 g de azúcar de caña; y el tratamiento 5 fue igual al tratamiento 3 más 950 g de azúcar. La relación PC:EM fue de 26, 66, 103, 27 y 50 g de PC por megacaloría de energía metabólica, respectivamente. Los niveles más altos de AR, NUS y NUL los presentaron el tratamiento 3 (pOs efeitos de cinco diferentes relações com suplementos de proteína bruta: energia metabólica (PC : MS) sobre os níveis de nitrogênio no rúmen (RA) e da BUN (NUS) e leite (NUL), foram avaliadas em vacas dupla finalidade nos trópicos sob o piedemonte llanero colombiano, através de um quadrado latino 5 x 5. No tratamento 1, os animais receberam em gramíneas forrageiras irá Brachiaria decumbens e 900 gramas de farinha de arroz; no tratamento 2, recebido mais 39 gramas de uréia; para o tratamento 3, recebido 84 gramas de uréia; no tratamento 4 foi semelhante ao tratamento 2 mais 1200 g de cana-de-açúcar; eo tratamento 5 era igual a 3 tratamento mais 950 g de açúcar. O PC : MS foi de 26, 66, 103, 27 e 50 g PC megacaloría energia metabólica, respectivamente. Os níveis mais elevados de AR, NUS e NUL apresentou o tratamento 3 (p The effects of five diets with different protein to energy ratios (CP:ME) on rumen ammonia (RA) and blood (BUN) and milk úrea nitrogen (MUN) in dual-purpose cows were evaluated in the piedemonte of Colombia. Five rumen fistulated cows were assigned to five treatments using a 5 x 5 Latin Square design. All animals received a basal diet consisting of Brachiaria decumbens forage ad libitum and 900 g of ground rice (treatment 1); treatment 2 was identical to treatment 1 plus 39 g of urea; treatment 3 was identical to treatment 1 plus 84 g urea; treatment 4 was identical to treatment 2 plus 1200 g of sugar; and treatment 5 was identical to treatment 3 plus 934 g of sugar. The ratio between crude protein and metabolizable energy (CP:ME) was 26, 66, 103, 27 and 50 g /Mcal for treatment 1 to treatment 5, respectively. The highest concentrations of RA, BUN and MUN were observed in treatment 3 (p<0.01), which provided the highest amount of CP and resulted in the highest CP:ME ratio. Treatments 5 and 2, with intermediate amounts of CP and CP:ME ratios, resulted in intermediate levels of RA, BUN and MUN. The levels of RA, BUN and MUN varied considerably across the day and ranged from 4.3 to 22.9, 4.8 to 13.8 and 3.6 to 16 mg/dl, respectively. The highest levels of RA, BUN and MUN occurred 3 to 6 hours after the first feeding of the day. There was a close positive relationship between MUN and BUN (MUN = 0.901*BUN, R² = 0.70). It can be concluded that the levels of BUN and MUN are closely related to the CP concentration and the CP:ME ratio in the diet. These metabolites represent a useful tool to monitor and adjust the use of supplements for dual-purpose cows fed diets based on low-quality grasses in the Llanero foothills of Colombia.
