The role of periodontal pathology and oral cavity condition in the occurrence of general somatic diseases

Abstract

The aim of the study is a review of modern national and foreign literature on the influence of the oral cavity state and the pathology of periodontal tissues, in particular generalized periodontitis, on the occurrence and severity of the course of internal organ and body system diseases. Inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal diseases lead to an increase in the level of chronic inflammatory agents due to the systemic spread of inflammatory mediators released during local tissue destruction, as well as the systemic spread of pathogenic microorganisms, which contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, pathological processes in the gastrointestinal tract, complicates the course of diabetes mellitus and respiratory diseases in patients with periodontal diseases. That is why the study on pathogenetic interrelations between periodontal diseases and comorbid conditions is an urgent problem of modern dentistry. Conclusions. Given that certain extraoral pathologies arise as a result of damage by disseminated periodontopathogens, it is possible to provide new therapeutic opportunities to reduce the risk of developing comorbid conditions etiopathogenetically associated with generalized periodontitis. The data of clinical and experimental studies that are presented in this literature review definitely show the need for timely treatment of periodontal diseases, which provides not only the health of the oral cavity, but also prevents the occurrence of general somatic diseases.

Keywords

• periodontal disease
• generalized periodontitis
• cardiovascular diseases
• atherosclerosis
• diabetes mellitus
• gastrointestinal diseases