From genoprotection to rejuvenation

Abstract

Aging results from aberrations in signaling mechanisms and decline in biologic activities and cellular functions. Anti-aging strategies include a number of dietary, genetic, and pharmacological interventions that converge on a core network of nutrient sensors including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the insulin/insulin-like IIGF) growth factor signaling pathway (IIS), sirtuins, NFκB, and FOXO. Aging can be delayed and life-span and health-span can be extended by calorie and dietary restrictions, administration of NAM, NMN, NR, NAD+, and by antioxidants including hydrogen sulfide. Additional measures for the age related decline in tissue homeostasis include senotherapeutics, senolytics, senomorphics, anti-inflammaging strategies, reactivation of telomerase and prevention of stem cell exhaustion. There is also a possibility to erase the signs of aging and even to reverse aging by epigenetic reprogramming and other emerging measures.

Keywords

• aging
• senescence
• immunosenescence
• treatment
• senotherapeutics
• senolytics
• senomorphics
• anti-inflammaging
• aging reversal
• review