Potential diagnostic value of multiple indicators combined with total prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer

Abstract

Objective We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of different laboratory indicators in combination with total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) for prostate cancer (PCa). Methods In this retrospective study, we selected 291 patients who underwent prostate biopsy. Patients were divided into the benign prostatic hyperplasia group and the PCa group. In both groups, patients were again divided into a group with TPSA 4.0–10.0 ng/mL and a group with TPSA >10.0 ng/mL. Clinical data including age, pre-puncture TPSA, free prostate-specific antigen (FPSA), and prostate volume (PV) were collected from all patients. We calculated the metrics PSA/PV (prostate-specific antigen density, PSAD), age/PV (AVR), age × PV/TPSA (PSA-AV), and (FPSA/TPSA)/PSAD [(F/T)/PSAD]). We plotted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results We found statistically significant differences in PV, PSAD, AVR, PSA-AV, and (F/T) PSAD for patients with TPSA 4.0–10.0 ng/mL and TPSA >10 ng/mL. We further plotted the ROC of individual or combined indices in different subgroups and calculated the AUC. We found that the diagnostic efficacy of the combined indices was higher with TPSA >10 ng/mL. Conclusion The combination of TPSA with multiple indicators may improve diagnostic accuracy for PCa.