Technique of Distraction, Compression, Extension, Reduction to Reduce and Realign Old Displaced Odontoid Fracture From Posterior Approach: A Novel Technique

Abstract

Objective Chronic ‘displaced’ displaced type II fractures, though uncommon, are difficult to manage. They usually require a transoral procedure followed by a posterior instrumented fusion. We describe here, a new method to reduce the fractured displaced odontoid using a posterior cervical approach only. Methods Prospective and observational, n=14 had a ‘displaced and irreducible’ old fracture dens causing cord compression (type I, 1; type II, 13). They underwent a novel technique to reduce the fracture. The C1 arch was first drilled and removed. The C1 lateral masses on both sides were then drilled completely and a spacer was placed between the occiput and C2 facet. Following this, an intraoperative reducing maneuver was performed, utilizing the spacer as a fulcrum, and then achieving complete reduction and realignment. Results All patients improved clinically (mean Nurick preoperative score: 4.07±0.8; the postoperative score was 1.3±0.4). The mean correction in effective canal diameter was 74.3%±9.5% and the mean correction in actual canal diameter was 77%±8.7%. Solid bone fusion was demonstrated in 12 patients with at least 1-year follow-up (follow-up range, 12–35 months; mean, 21.8±9.8 months). Conclusion The new described modification of distraction, compression extension, and reduction seems to be effective for ‘displaced’ chronic fracture dens with cord compression. It avoids additional transoral surgery in these patients.

Keywords

• fracture
• odontoid
• irreducible
• atlantoaxial dislocation
• type ii dens fracture
• reduction