Galfenol Thin Films and Nanowires

Bethanie  J. H. Stadler; Madhukar Reddy; Rajneeta Basantkumar; Patrick McGary; Eliot Estrine; Xiaobo Huang; Sang  Yeob Sung; Liwen Tan; Jia Zou; Mazin Maqableh; Daniel Shore; Thomas Gage; Joseph Um; Matthew Hein; Anirudh Sharma

doi:10.3390/s18082643

Sensors (Aug 2018)

Galfenol Thin Films and Nanowires

Bethanie J. H. Stadler,
Madhukar Reddy,
Rajneeta Basantkumar,
Patrick McGary,
Eliot Estrine,
Xiaobo Huang,
Sang Yeob Sung,
Liwen Tan,
Jia Zou,
Mazin Maqableh,
Daniel Shore,
Thomas Gage,
Joseph Um,
Matthew Hein,
Anirudh Sharma

Affiliations

Bethanie J. H. Stadler: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Madhukar Reddy: Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Rajneeta Basantkumar: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Patrick McGary: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Eliot Estrine: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Xiaobo Huang: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Sang Yeob Sung: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Liwen Tan: Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Jia Zou: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Mazin Maqableh: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Daniel Shore: Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Thomas Gage: Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Joseph Um: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Matthew Hein: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Anirudh Sharma: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082643
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 18, no. 8
p. 2643

Abstract

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Galfenol (Fe1−xGax, 10 < x < 40) may be the only smart material that can be made by electrochemical deposition which enables thick film and nanowire structures. This article reviews the deposition, characterization, and applications of Galfenol thin films and nanowires. Galfenol films have been made by sputter deposition as well as by electrochemical deposition, which can be difficult due to the insolubility of gallium. However, a stable process has been developed, using citrate complexing, a rotating disk electrode, Cu seed layers, and pulsed deposition. Galfenol thin films and nanowires have been characterized for crystal structures and magnetostriction both by our group and by collaborators. Films and nanowires have been shown to be largely polycrystalline, with magnetostrictions that are on the same order of magnitude as textured bulk Galfenol. Electrodeposited Galfenol films were made with epitaxial texture on GaAs. Galfenol nanowires have been made by electrodeposition into anodic aluminum oxide templates using similar parameters defined for films. Segmented nanowires of Galfenol/Cu have been made to provide engineered magnetic properties. Applications of Galfenol and other magnetic nanowires include microfluidic sensors, magnetic separation, cellular radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast, and hyperthermia.

Published in Sensors

ISSN: 1424-8220 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Technology: Chemical technology
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors

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