Assessing the Accuracy and Safety Thresholds of Patient-Specific Screw Guide Template System in Cervical and Thoracic Spine Surgeries Using DAST Measurements

Abstract

Introduction: To analyze the reliability of the newly developed patient-specific Screw Guide Template (SGT) system as an intraoperative navigation device for spinal screw insertion. Methods: We attempted to place 428 screws for 51 patients. The accuracy of the screw track was assessed by deviation of the screw axis from the preplanned trajectory on postoperative CT. The safety of the screw insertion was evaluated by the bone breach of the screw. The bone diameter available for screw trajectory (DAST) was measured, and the relations to the bone breach were analyzed. Results: In the inserted screws, 98.4% were defined as accurate, and 94.6% were contained in the target bone. In the cervical spine, the screw deviation between breaching (0.57 mm) and contained screws (0.43 mm) did not significantly differ, whereas DAST for breaching screws (3.62 mm) was significantly smaller than contained screws (5.33 mm) (p<0.001). Cervical screws with 4.0 mm DAST showed a significantly lower incidence of bone breach (0.4%) than 3.9 mm DAST (28.3%) (p<0.001). In the thoracic spine, screw deviation and DAST had significant differences between breaching (1.54 mm, 4.41 mm) and contained (0.75 mm, 6.07 mm) (p<0.001). The incidence of the breach was significantly lower in thoracic screws with 5.0 mm (1.9%) than 4.9 (21.9%) DAST (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that our SGT system could support precise screw insertion for 98.4% accuracy and 94.6% safety. DAST was recommended to be 4.0 and 5.0 mm in the cervical and thoracic spines for safe screw insertion.

Keywords

• patient-specific surgery
• 3d printer
• navigation template
• screw guide template system