Availability of Emergency Drugs and Essential Equipment in Intensive Care Units in Hospitals of Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Metages Hunie,1 Tiruwork Desse,2 Efrem Fenta,1 Diriba Teshome,1 Moges Gelaw,1 Amanu Gashaw3 1Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; 2Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; 3Department of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Metages HunieDepartment of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, PO. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, EthiopiaEmail [email protected]: Emergency drugs and essential equipment are important to successfully manage patients in the intensive care unit (ICUs). The absence of these emergency drugs and essential equipment might result in mortality and morbidity which is more compounded in resource-limited settings. This study aims to assess the availability of emergency drugs and essential equipment in ICUs in hospitals in Ethiopia.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed in the intensive care unit of nine Amhara regional state hospitals in Ethiopia. This study was done from August 01, 2020, to September 01, 2020. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which were adopted from the Emergency Medicine Society of South Africa (EMSSA) guidelines. Tables and narration were used to describe results.Results: There were deficiencies of essential emergency items particularly in the pediatrics domain, devices to confirm tracheal intubation and equipment for managing difficult intubation. Emergency drugs like adrenaline, salbutamol puff, atropine, aspirin, furosemide, hydrocortisone, insulin, lidocaine, and medical oxygen were available in all ICUs, whereas amiodarone, sodium bicarbonate, glucagon, ipratropium nebulization, thiamine were not available in all ICUs.Conclusions and Recommendations: There were considerable deficiencies in emergency drugs and essential equipment. Based on our findings, we recommend to develop standardized checklists, regular audits, and healthcare personnel awareness program to improve checking, maintaining, restocking, and repairing the equipment in the emergency trolley.Keywords: emergency drugs, essential equipment, intensive care unit, Ethiopia

Keywords

• emergency drugs
• essential equipments
• intensive care unit
• ethiopia.