Toxins (Jan 2017)
Historical Perspectives and Guidelines for Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype Nomenclature
- Michael W. Peck,
- Theresa J. Smith,
- Fabrizio Anniballi,
- John W. Austin,
- Luca Bano,
- Marite Bradshaw,
- Paula Cuervo,
- Luisa W. Cheng,
- Yagmur Derman,
- Brigitte G. Dorner,
- Audrey Fisher,
- Karen K. Hill,
- Suzanne R. Kalb,
- Hannu Korkeala,
- Miia Lindström,
- Florigio Lista,
- Carolina Lúquez,
- Christelle Mazuet,
- Marco Pirazzini,
- Michel R. Popoff,
- Ornella Rossetto,
- Andreas Rummel,
- Dorothea Sesardic,
- Bal Ram Singh,
- Sandra C. Stringer
Affiliations
- Michael W. Peck
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
- Theresa J. Smith
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
- Fabrizio Anniballi
- National Reference Centre for Botulism, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome 299-00161, Italy
- John W. Austin
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Luca Bano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Treviso 31020, Italy
- Marite Bradshaw
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Paula Cuervo
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Patología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 450001, Argentina
- Luisa W. Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- Yagmur Derman
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Brigitte G. Dorner
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Audrey Fisher
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Karen K. Hill
- Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Suzanne R. Kalb
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
- Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Miia Lindström
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Florigio Lista
- Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Rome 00184, Italy
- Carolina Lúquez
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Christelle Mazuet
- Institut Pasteur, Bactéries anaérobies et Toxines, Paris 75015, France
- Marco Pirazzini
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
- Michel R. Popoff
- Institut Pasteur, Bactéries anaérobies et Toxines, Paris 75015, France
- Ornella Rossetto
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
- Andreas Rummel
- Institut für Toxikologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover 30623, Germany
- Dorothea Sesardic
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
- Bal Ram Singh
- Botulinum Research Center, Institute of Advanced Sciences, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
- Sandra C. Stringer
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9010038
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 9,
no. 1
p. 38
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins are diverse proteins. They are currently represented by at least seven serotypes and more than 40 subtypes. New clostridial strains that produce novel neurotoxin variants are being identified with increasing frequency, which presents challenges when organizing the nomenclature surrounding these neurotoxins. Worldwide, researchers are faced with the possibility that toxins having identical sequences may be given different designations or novel toxins having unique sequences may be given the same designations on publication. In order to minimize these problems, an ad hoc committee consisting of over 20 researchers in the field of botulinum neurotoxin research was convened to discuss the clarification of the issues involved in botulinum neurotoxin nomenclature. This publication presents a historical overview of the issues and provides guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature in the future.
Keywords
