Structural Vocabulary of Cultural Landscape on the Island of Krk

Abstract

V okviru raziskovanja kulturne krajine v Republiki Hrvaški gre posebno mesto območju Mediterana, na katerem je še najti, zvečine ogrožene, ostanke vredne kulturne krajine, ki se je izoblikovala pod vplivom podnebnih in talnih razmer na eni kot dolgotrajne svojevrstne kmetijske dejavnosti na drugi strani. Označujejo jo posebne strukture, zavoljo katerih ta kulturna krajina pomeni vredno kulturno dediščino in je hkrati tudi prvina nacionalne prepoznavnosti. Otok Krk v tem pogledu zbuja posebno pozornost, saj se je tu razvila raznovrstna tipologija vredne kulturne krajine. Ta prispevek je rezultat raziskav njenega strukturnega slovarja z namenom priti do boljšega umevanja in vrednotenja te krajine. Glede na kraški značaj območja so na njegovo veliko tipološko razčlenjenost najizraziteje vplivali naravni kraški pojavi (vrtače, uvale, kraška polja in suhe doline). Kot nasledek obdelovanja tal pa so nastale raznovrstne tvorbe kamnitih suhozidov, teras in drugih prvin. Ugotovljena je bila znatna pestrost krajinskih enot in vzorcev, in sicer s pomočjo struktur, ki tudi same pomenijo določeno vrednost in prispevajo k razumevanju in odčitavanju izjemne vrednosti teh krajin. Within the large-scale research project in Croatian cultural landscapes, a special place is occupied by the Mediterranean area, with its highly valuable cultural landscape structures. This area is characterised by authentic structures, which represent a valuable cultural heritage and an important element of the national identity. The island of Krk is particularly inspiring in this respect, due to an intricate cultural landscape typology that has developed there under the infl uence of natural features on the one hand, and the centuries-long agricultural activity on the other. This paper is the result of research in its structural vocabulary in order better to understand and value these unique landscapes. The complex typological articulation was generated mainly by natural karst phenomena (karst valleys and fi elds, small dolinas, dry valleys), as well as various stone walls, terraces, and similar features, formed through the process of land cultivation. A considerable diversity of landscape units and patterns has been identifi ed through particular structures which often turned out to be assets themselves, and which at the same time help to understand and interpret the outstanding value of the islandʼs landscape.