Prediction of the in-plane permeability and air evacuation time of fiber-placed thermoplastic composite preforms with engineered intertape channels

Abstract

The two main void removal mechanisms during vacuum-bag-only (VBO) consolidation of thermoplastic composites are through-thickness diffusion and in-plane air evacuation. The automated fiber placement (AFP) process allows for the creation of preforms with an engineered intertape channel network by deliberately introducing spacing between the tapes that can facilitate air evacuation during the VBO consolidation. However, it is unclear what dimensions of the intertape channels allow for effective in-plane air evacuation. The current research presents a predictive simulation tool to optimize the intertape channel dimensions for effective in-plane air evacuation. An analytical method is developed to calculate the in-plane permeability tensors of the composite preform with uniform intertape channel dimensions. In addition, a more elaborate mesoscale method is developed that estimates the in-plane permeability tensor of the engineered intertape channel network based on the distributions in intertape channel dimensions. Finally, a finite difference model is implemented to calculate the time required for air evacuation as a function of the in-plane permeability tensors of the preform and its in-plane dimensions. The results from the models indicated that in-plane air evacuation through the engineered intertape channel network is quick, and it takes only a few minutes to evacuate 99% of the air from large preforms like fuselage panels.

Keywords

• Fiber placement
• Vacuum-bag-only
• Out-of-autoclave
• Permeability
• Air evacuation
• Thermoplastic composites