MONITORING THE POLLUTION OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMS BY HEAVY METALS IN THE CONDITIONS OF RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

One of the main tasks of the state today is to provide the population of the planet with high quality and safe food raw materials. However, at present there are cases of noticeable decrease in the quality and safety of food raw materials due to anthropogenic impact, which is accompanied by increasing pollution of the environment by harmful substances, in particular, by the pollutants. It has happened historically that these pollutants have been powerful agents causing the environmental pollution in Ukraine for years. The content of these substances in the environment has significantly increased after the Chornobyl catastrophe, It usually has a negative impact on the environment. A large number of pollutants in the environment passes into food by trophic chains, significantly reducing its quality and safety. Such heavy metals as lead, cadmium, zinc and copper are a major danger for the population. These compounds are characterized by prevalence, high toxicity and the ability to accumulate in living organisms causing a lot of negative disorders. The risk of heavy metals entering the environment is determined by the fact that, unlike organic pollutants, they do not collapse, but pass from one form to another, in particular, they are included into the salts, oxides, organometallic compounds. The intensity of contamination of different culinary processing mushrooms by heavy metals was investigated. It was found that dried ceps (Boletus edulis) exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc by 4.2 times, 32.1 and 2.8 times, respectively. The marinated oil usual mushrooms (Suillus luteus) had the excess of lead by 1.4 times and that of cadmium by 10.8 times. The excess of only zinc by 3.4 times was observed in the marinated orange agaric these (Lactarius deliciosus). The excess in maximum allowable concentrations of cadmium by 1.5 times was detected in the marinated honey agaric these (Armillaria melleа). All other studied mushrooms did not exceed the content of lead, zinc, cadmium and copper