Unveiling the Intricacies of Acute Aortic Syndromes through Imaging: A Case Series

Abstract

Acute Aortic Syndrome (AAS) comprises of three distinct pathological conditions: Aortic Dissection (AD), Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer (PAU), and Intramural Haematoma (IMH). Although AAS and its emergencies are not common occurrences, they are considered highly dangerous and potentially fatal. Clinically, differentiating between the various types of aortic syndromes can be challenging. The prognosis of these conditions significantly depends on speedy and precise analysis. Therefore, present study emphasised the critical role of radiology in the diagnosis of AASs, with Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) being the quickest and most consistent imaging modality. In this case series, four cases of AASs are presented, comprising three cases of AD and a case of PAU in a patient with infrarenal aortic occlusion. Notably, one of the dissection cases was accompanied by renal ischaemia. Recognising acute aortic emergencies promptly is essential for saving lives.

Keywords

• aortic dissection
• penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer
• intramural haematoma