Engineering (Jun 2024)
Simultaneous Degradation, Dehalogenation, and Detoxification of Halogenated Antibiotics by Carbon Dioxide Radical Anions
Abstract
Despite the extensive application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in water treatment, the efficiency of AOPs in eliminating various emerging contaminants such as halogenated antibiotics is constrained by a number of factors. Halogen moieties exhibit strong resistance to oxidative radicals, affecting the dehalogenation and detoxification efficiencies. To address these limitations of AOPs, advanced reduction processes (ARPs) have been proposed. Herein, a novel nucleophilic reductant—namely, the carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2·−)—is introduced for the simultaneous degradation, dehalogenation, and detoxification of florfenicol (FF), a typical halogenated antibiotic. The results demonstrate that FF is completely eliminated by CO2·−, with approximately 100% of Cl− and 46% of F− released after 120 min of treatment. Simultaneous detoxification is observed, which exhibits a linear response to the release of free inorganic halogen ions (R2 = 0.97, p 75%) in degrading a series of halogenated antibiotics, including chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (THA), diclofenac (DLF), triclosan (TCS), and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The system shows high tolerance to the pH of the solution and the presence of natural water constituents, and demonstrates an excellent degradation performance in actual groundwater, indicating the strong application potential of CO2·−-based ARPs in real life. Overall, this study elucidates the feasibility of CO2·− for the simultaneous degradation, dehalogenation, and detoxification of halogenated antibiotics and provides a promising method for their regulation during water or wastewater treatment.